The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, has become a focal point of geopolitical tensions. With India restricting water access, Pakistan has expressed severe displeasure, arguing that such a move could lead to a major water crisis affecting its agriculture and drinking water supplies.
Historical Context of the Indus Waters Treaty
The IWT was brokered by the World Bank and signed by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan’s President Ayub Khan. Under the treaty:
- India was granted control over the eastern rivers – Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.
- Pakistan received rights to the western rivers – Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.
The treaty allowed both nations to utilize water resources under regulated provisions, maintaining cross-border cooperation for decades.
Recent Developments and India’s Firm Stand
After escalating border tensions, India has signaled a strict stance, declaring that discussions on water-sharing will not resume unless Pakistan curbs cross-border terrorism. Indian officials argue that the treaty’s goodwill spirit has been compromised due to ongoing security concerns.
In response, reports suggest that Pakistan has formally requested discussions with India’s irrigation department, acknowledging the severe impact on its water availability. However, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has reiterated that any dialogue with Pakistan must primarily address terrorism and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
Potential Consequences of Water Restrictions
Experts suggest that severe water scarcity in Pakistan could:
- Affect agriculture and food production, leading to economic instability.
- Create humanitarian challenges, as access to clean drinking water becomes limited.
- Increase diplomatic strain, with Pakistan seeking external intervention.
India, however, maintains that national security concerns outweigh water-sharing agreements, and a resolution remains uncertain.
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