Nellore: The consolidated data of Indian Space Situational Assessment Report (ISSAR) for 2024 indicates intensified space activities, as reflected by the maximum number of launches as well as maximum number of objects re-entering.
With the growing trend in space object population continuing, the sheer number of close approach alerts indicate the alarmingly rising congestion in space, especially in the low Earth orbit.
This is mainly because of easier access to space through rideshare, coupled with technological advancements, miniaturisation, mass-production capabilities, and multifaceted application of space-based technology. Boing by the trend, the future space traffic is not likely to show any signs of slowing down.
Based on the projected deployment of multiple large constellations, active satellites are likely to outnumber space debris population within the current decade, making Space Traffic Management (STM) an indispensable part of spaceflight safety.
As of now, there is no accepted framework for STM. Hence, on-orbit close approach between two active space assets needs to be resolved on a case-by-case basis through inter-operator coordination, with non-trivial operational overheads.
Consequently, spaceflight safety in future scenarios is expected to involve more intensive coordination and cooperation between various spacefaring entities. It is desirable that a suitable collaborative framework is evolved for meeting the STM requirements.
Recognising that Space Situational Awareness (SSA) plays a pivotal role in ensuring safe and sustainable operation, ISRO has undertaken the NEtwork for space objects TRacking and Analysis (NETRA) project. Under this project, establishment of a radar at Chandrapur, Assam, and an optical telescope at Hanle, Ladakh, are in progress.
After its refurbishment, the Multi-Object Tracking Radar (MOTR) at Sriharikota has commenced tracking space objects, including the Indian rocket bodies and satellites during their last few orbits before atmospheric re-entry, wherever feasibility exists.
The declaration of the Intent of Debris-Free Space Mission in 2024 is a testimony to ISRO’s long-standing commitment of preserving the long-term sustainability of outer space activities.
In the coming years, ISRO is expected to steadfastly pursue space object observational capacity building for SSA, share experiences, engage with the emergent space actors, and raise awareness on responsible, safe, and secure space activities through proactive implementation of the pertinent guidelines and best practices.
About the Author
